Na
Sodium is a Alkali Metals element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. Located in period 3, group 1 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 22.99 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1807 by Humphry Davy in England. Sodium has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s¹ with 3 electron shells containing 2, 8, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: table salt (nacl), street lights, industrial chemicals.
钠是一种碱金属元素，符号为Na，原子序数为11。位于第3周期，第1族（s区），原子量为22.99 u，在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1807 年首次被确认，由Humphry Davy发现。钠的电子排布为[Ne] 3s¹，具有3个电子层，分别含有2、8、1个电子。常见用途包括：食盐（NaCl），路灯，工业化学品。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 11
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 22.99 u
- Category分类
- Alkali Metals碱金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 3
- Group族
- 1
- Block区
- s-blocks区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +97.72°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +883°C
- Density密度
- 0.97 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 190 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 102 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 0.93
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ne] 3s¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 1
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +1
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18071807 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Humphry Davy
- Country国家
- England英国
Uses & Applications用途
Table salt (NaCl), street lights, industrial chemicals
食盐（NaCl），路灯，工业化学品
Common Compounds常见化合物
Table salt (NaCl), baking soda (NaHCO₃), soda ash (Na₂CO₃), sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
食盐(NaCl)、小苏打(NaHCO₃)、纯碱(Na₂CO₃)、烧碱(NaOH)
Room Temperature常温特性
Soft silvery metal that can be cut with a knife. Reacts violently with water, producing hydrogen gas and heat.
柔软的银白色金属，可用刀切割。遇水剧烈反应，产生氢气和热量。
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
Sodium was first isolated by Humphry Davy in 1807 using electrolysis. It is so reactive that it must be stored in oil to prevent it from reacting with air or water.
钠由汉弗莱·戴维于1807年通过电解法首次分离。钠极其活泼，必须保存在油中以防与空气或水反应。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Na for salt (sodium chloride)
食盐中的钠
Appearance外观
silvery white
银白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Extremely reactive with water — store under mineral oil. Can cause fire or explosion on water contact.
- 与水极度反应——储存于矿物油中。遇水可引发火灾或爆炸。