Potassium is a Alkali Metals element with the symbol K and atomic number 19. Located in period 4, group 1 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 39.098 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1807 by Humphry Davy in England. Potassium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s¹ with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 8, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: fertilizers, soap, glass, essential nutrient for plants.

钾是一种碱金属元素,符号为K,原子序数为19。位于第4周期,第1族(s区),原子量为39.098 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1807 年首次被确认,由Humphry Davy发现。钾的电子排布为[Ar] 4s¹,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、8、1个电子。常见用途包括:肥料,肥皂,玻璃,植物必需营养素。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
19
Atomic Weight原子量
39.098 u
Category分类
Alkali Metals碱金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
4
Group
1
Block
s-blocks区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+63.38°C
Boiling Point沸点
+759°C
Density密度
0.86 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
Atomic Radius原子半径
243 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
138 pm
Electronegativity电负性
0.82

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Ar] 4s¹
Shells电子层
2, 8, 8, 1
Oxidation States氧化态
+1

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
8e⁻
1e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18071807 年
Discoverer发现者
Humphry Davy
Country国家
England英国

Uses & Applications用途

Fertilizers, soap, glass, essential nutrient for plants

肥料,肥皂,玻璃,植物必需营养素

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery white

银白色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Potassium comes from K and it was first identified in 1807.

钾的名称来源于其符号K,于1807年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

K for kalium, essential for plants

植物的必需元素

Appearance外观

silvery white

银白色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Extremely reactive with water — store under mineral oil. Can cause fire or explosion on water contact.
  • 与水极度反应——储存于矿物油中。遇水可引发火灾或爆炸。

Related Elements (Same Group 1)相关元素(同第1族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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