Al
Aluminium is a Post-Transition element with the symbol Al and atomic number 13. Located in period 3, group 13 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 26.982 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1825 by Hans Christian Oersted in Denmark. Aluminium has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s² 3p¹ with 3 electron shells containing 2, 8, 3 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: cans, foil, aircraft, construction, electronics.
铝是一种后过渡金属元素，符号为Al，原子序数为13。位于第3周期，第13族（p区），原子量为26.982 u，在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1825 年首次被确认，由Hans Christian Oersted发现。铝的电子排布为[Ne] 3s² 3p¹，具有3个电子层，分别含有2、8、3个电子。常见用途包括：罐，铝箔，飞机，建筑，电子。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 13
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 26.982 u
- Category分类
- Post-Transition后过渡金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 3
- Group族
- 13
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +660.32°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +2470°C
- Density密度
- 2.70 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)面心立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 118 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 53 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.61
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ne] 3s² 3p¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 3
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +3
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18251825 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Hans Christian Oersted
- Country国家
- Denmark丹麦
Uses & Applications用途
Cans, foil, aircraft, construction, electronics
罐，铝箔，飞机，建筑，电子
Common Compounds常见化合物
Alumina (Al₂O₃), bauxite, alum KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O, aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)₃
氧化铝(Al₂O₃)、铝土矿、明矾KAl(SO₄)₂·12H₂O、氢氧化铝Al(OH)₃
Room Temperature常温特性
Lightweight silvery metal. Forms a thin protective oxide layer that prevents further corrosion. Good conductor of heat and electricity.
轻质银白色金属。表面形成致密氧化膜防腐蚀。良好的导热和导电体。
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
Aluminium was once more valuable than gold. Napoleon III served dinner on aluminium plates to his most honored guests, while others used gold. It is the most abundant metal in Earth's crust.
铝曾经比黄金还贵。拿破仑三世用铝制餐盘招待最尊贵的客人，其他客人则用金盘。铝是地壳中最丰富的金属。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
The most abundant metal in Earth's crust
地壳中含量最高的金属
Appearance外观
silvery white
银白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表（SDS）。