Tl
Thallium is a Post-Transition element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. Located in period 6, group 13 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 204.38 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1861 by William Crookes in England. Thallium has an electron configuration of [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹ with 6 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: electronics, glass, rat poison (historical).
铊是一种后过渡金属元素,符号为Tl,原子序数为81。位于第6周期,第13族(p区),原子量为204.38 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1861 年首次被确认,由William Crookes发现。铊的电子排布为[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹,具有6个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、32、18、3个电子。常见用途包括:电子,玻璃,老鼠药(历史)。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 81
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 204.38 u
- Category分类
- Post-Transition后过渡金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 6
- Group族
- 13
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +304°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +1473°C
- Density密度
- 11.85 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)六方密堆积
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 156 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 89 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.8
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +1, +3
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18611861 年
- Discoverer发现者
- William Crookes
- Country国家
- England英国
Uses & Applications用途
Electronics, glass, rat poison (historical)
电子,玻璃,老鼠药(历史)
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
silvery white
银白色
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Thallium comes from Tl and it was first identified in 1861.
铊的名称来源于其符号Tl,于1861年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Highly toxic, once used as rat poison
剧毒元素
Appearance外观
silvery white
银白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Toxic — avoid inhalation of dust or fumes. Chronic exposure may cause serious health effects.
- 有毒——避免吸入粉尘或烟雾。长期接触可能导致严重健康影响。