Thallium is a Post-Transition element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. Located in period 6, group 13 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 204.38 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1861 by William Crookes in England. Thallium has an electron configuration of [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹ with 6 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: electronics, glass, rat poison (historical).

铊是一种后过渡金属元素,符号为Tl,原子序数为81。位于第6周期,第13族(p区),原子量为204.38 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1861 年首次被确认,由William Crookes发现。铊的电子排布为[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹,具有6个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、32、18、3个电子。常见用途包括:电子,玻璃,老鼠药(历史)。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
81
Atomic Weight原子量
204.38 u
Category分类
Post-Transition后过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
6
Group
13
Block
p-blockp区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+304°C
Boiling Point沸点
+1473°C
Density密度
11.85 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)六方密堆积
Atomic Radius原子半径
156 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
89 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1.8

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p¹
Shells电子层
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 3
Oxidation States氧化态
+1, +3

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
18e⁻
32e⁻
18e⁻
3e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18611861 年
Discoverer发现者
William Crookes
Country国家
England英国

Uses & Applications用途

Electronics, glass, rat poison (historical)

电子,玻璃,老鼠药(历史)

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery white

银白色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Thallium comes from Tl and it was first identified in 1861.

铊的名称来源于其符号Tl,于1861年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Highly toxic, once used as rat poison

剧毒元素

Appearance外观

silvery white

银白色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Toxic — avoid inhalation of dust or fumes. Chronic exposure may cause serious health effects.
  • 有毒——避免吸入粉尘或烟雾。长期接触可能导致严重健康影响。

Related Elements (Same Group 13)相关元素(同第13族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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