Ge
Germanium is a Metalloids element with the symbol Ge and atomic number 32. Located in period 4, group 14 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 72.63 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1886 by Clemens Winkler in Germany. Germanium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p² with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 4 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: fiber optics, infrared optics, semiconductors.
锗是一种准金属元素,符号为Ge,原子序数为32。位于第4周期,第14族(p区),原子量为72.63 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1886 年首次被确认,由Clemens Winkler发现。锗的电子排布为[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、4个电子。常见用途包括:光纤,红外光学,半导体。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 32
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 72.63 u
- Category分类
- Metalloids准金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 4
- Group族
- 14
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +938.25°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +2833°C
- Density密度
- 5.32 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Diamond Cubic金刚石立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 125 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 53 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 2.01
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 18, 4
- Oxidation States氧化态
- -4, +2, +4
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18861886 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Clemens Winkler
- Country国家
- Germany德国
Uses & Applications用途
Fiber optics, infrared optics, semiconductors
光纤,红外光学,半导体
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
grayish-white
灰白色
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Germanium comes from Ge and it was first identified in 1886.
锗的名称来源于其符号Ge,于1886年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
The first transistor used germanium
半导体先驱
Appearance外观
grayish-white
灰白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。