K
Potassium is a Alkali Metals element with the symbol K and atomic number 19. Located in period 4, group 1 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 39.098 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1807 by Humphry Davy in England. Potassium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s¹ with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 8, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: fertilizers, soap, glass, essential nutrient for plants.
钾是一种碱金属元素,符号为K,原子序数为19。位于第4周期,第1族(s区),原子量为39.098 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1807 年首次被确认,由Humphry Davy发现。钾的电子排布为[Ar] 4s¹,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、8、1个电子。常见用途包括:肥料,肥皂,玻璃,植物必需营养素。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 19
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 39.098 u
- Category分类
- Alkali Metals碱金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 4
- Group族
- 1
- Block区
- s-blocks区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +63.38°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +759°C
- Density密度
- 0.86 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 243 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 138 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 0.82
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ar] 4s¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 8, 1
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +1
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18071807 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Humphry Davy
- Country国家
- England英国
Uses & Applications用途
Fertilizers, soap, glass, essential nutrient for plants
肥料,肥皂,玻璃,植物必需营养素
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
silvery white
银白色
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Potassium comes from K and it was first identified in 1807.
钾的名称来源于其符号K,于1807年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
K for kalium, essential for plants
植物的必需元素
Appearance外观
silvery white
银白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Extremely reactive with water — store under mineral oil. Can cause fire or explosion on water contact.
- 与水极度反应——储存于矿物油中。遇水可引发火灾或爆炸。