Lithium is a Alkali Metals element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. Located in period 2, group 1 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 6.94 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1817 by Johan August Arfwedson in Sweden. Lithium has an electron configuration of [He] 2s¹ with 2 electron shells containing 2, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: batteries, ceramics, glass, mood stabilizer medication.

锂是一种碱金属元素,符号为Li,原子序数为3。位于第2周期,第1族(s区),原子量为6.94 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1817 年首次被确认,由Johan August Arfwedson发现。锂的电子排布为[He] 2s¹,具有2个电子层,分别含有2、1个电子。常见用途包括:电池,陶瓷,玻璃,情绪稳定剂药物。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
3
Atomic Weight原子量
6.94 u
Category分类
Alkali Metals碱金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
2
Group族
1
Block区
s-blocks区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+180.54°C
Boiling Point沸点
+1342°C
Density密度
0.53 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
Atomic Radius原子半径
167 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
76 pm
Electronegativity电负性
0.98

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[He] 2s¹
Shells电子层
2, 1
Oxidation States氧化态
+1

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
1e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18171817 年
Discoverer发现者
Johan August Arfwedson
Country国家
Sweden瑞典

Uses & Applications用途

Batteries, ceramics, glass, mood stabilizer medication

电池,陶瓷,玻璃,情绪稳定剂药物

Common Compounds常见化合物

—

—

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery white

银白色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Lithium comes from Li and it was first identified in 1817.

锂的名称来源于其符号Li,于1817年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Li for lithium-ion batteries

锂电池的锂

Appearance外观

silvery white

银白色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Extremely reactive with water — store under mineral oil. Can cause fire or explosion on water contact.
  • 与水极度反应——储存于矿物油中。遇水可引发火灾或爆炸。

Related Elements (Same Group 1)相关元素(同第1族)

View Compare 查看对比

Compare Elements元素对比

Full View完整对比

Science Articles 元素科普文章

View all → 查看更多 →

Why Lithium Powers EV Batteries 为什么锂成为了电动汽车电池的关键元素

The chemistry and global supply chain behind the lightest metal driving the EV revolution. 最轻的金属如何驱动电动汽车革命:化学原理与全球供应链。

How Silicon Powers the Digital World 硅如何驱动现代数字世界

From beach sand to billions of transistors — how element 14 built the Information Age. 从海滩沙粒到数十亿晶体管——14号元素如何构建信息时代。

Why Helium Is More Valuable Than You Think 为什么氦比想象的更有价值

Beyond party balloons — helium's irreplaceable role in MRI, semiconductors, and space. 超越派对气球——氦在MRI、半导体和航天中不可替代的角色。