Lithium is a Alkali Metals element with the symbol Li and atomic number 3. Located in period 2, group 1 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 6.94 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1817 by Johan August Arfwedson in Sweden. Lithium has an electron configuration of [He] 2s¹ with 2 electron shells containing 2, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: batteries, ceramics, glass, mood stabilizer medication.

锂是一种碱金属元素,符号为Li,原子序数为3。位于第2周期,第1族(s区),原子量为6.94 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1817 年首次被确认,由Johan August Arfwedson发现。锂的电子排布为[He] 2s¹,具有2个电子层,分别含有2、1个电子。常见用途包括:电池,陶瓷,玻璃,情绪稳定剂药物。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
3
Atomic Weight原子量
6.94 u
Category分类
Alkali Metals碱金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
2
Group
1
Block
s-blocks区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+180.54°C
Boiling Point沸点
+1342°C
Density密度
0.53 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
Atomic Radius原子半径
167 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
76 pm
Electronegativity电负性
0.98

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[He] 2s¹
Shells电子层
2, 1
Oxidation States氧化态
+1

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
1e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18171817 年
Discoverer发现者
Johan August Arfwedson
Country国家
Sweden瑞典

Uses & Applications用途

Batteries, ceramics, glass, mood stabilizer medication

电池,陶瓷,玻璃,情绪稳定剂药物

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery white

银白色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Lithium comes from Li and it was first identified in 1817.

锂的名称来源于其符号Li,于1817年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Li for lithium-ion batteries

锂电池的锂

Appearance外观

silvery white

银白色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Extremely reactive with water — store under mineral oil. Can cause fire or explosion on water contact.
  • 与水极度反应——储存于矿物油中。遇水可引发火灾或爆炸。

Related Elements (Same Group 1)相关元素(同第1族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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Science Articles 元素科普文章

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Why Lithium Powers EV Batteries 为什么锂成为了电动汽车电池的关键元素

The chemistry and global supply chain behind the lightest metal driving the EV revolution. 最轻的金属如何驱动电动汽车革命:化学原理与全球供应链。

How Silicon Powers the Digital World 硅如何驱动现代数字世界

From beach sand to billions of transistors — how element 14 built the Information Age. 从海滩沙粒到数十亿晶体管——14号元素如何构建信息时代。

Why Helium Is More Valuable Than You Think 为什么氦比想象的更有价值

Beyond party balloons — helium's irreplaceable role in MRI, semiconductors, and space. 超越派对气球——氦在MRI、半导体和航天中不可替代的角色。