B
Boron is a Metalloids element with the symbol B and atomic number 5. Located in period 2, group 13 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 10.81 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1808 by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in France. Boron has an electron configuration of [He] 2s² 2p¹ with 2 electron shells containing 2, 3 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: borosilicate glass, detergents, semiconductors, borax.
硼是一种准金属元素,符号为B,原子序数为5。位于第2周期,第13族(p区),原子量为10.81 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1808 年首次被确认,由Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac发现。硼的电子排布为[He] 2s² 2p¹,具有2个电子层,分别含有2、3个电子。常见用途包括:硼硅玻璃,洗涤剂,半导体,硼砂。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 5
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 10.81 u
- Category分类
- Metalloids准金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 2
- Group族
- 13
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +2076°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +3927°C
- Density密度
- 2.34 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Rhombohedral菱方晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 87 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 27 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 2.04
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [He] 2s² 2p¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 3
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +3
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18081808 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
- Country国家
- France法国
Uses & Applications用途
Borosilicate glass, detergents, semiconductors, borax
硼硅玻璃,洗涤剂,半导体,硼砂
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
black-brown
黑棕色
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Boron comes from B and it was first identified in 1808.
硼的名称来源于其符号B,于1808年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Boron makes glass strong
硼砂玻璃耐热
Appearance外观
black-brown
黑棕色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。