Gallium is a Post-Transition element with the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Located in period 4, group 13 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 69.723 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1875 by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in France. Gallium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 3 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: semiconductors, leds, solar panels, melts in your hand.

镓是一种后过渡金属元素,符号为Ga,原子序数为31。位于第4周期,第13族(p区),原子量为69.723 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1875 年首次被确认,由Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran发现。镓的电子排布为[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、3个电子。常见用途包括:半导体,LED,太阳能板,在手中融化。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
31
Atomic Weight原子量
69.723 u
Category分类
Post-Transition后过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
4
Group
13
Block
p-blockp区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+29.76°C
Boiling Point沸点
+2204°C
Density密度
5.91 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Orthorhombic正交晶系
Atomic Radius原子半径
136 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
62 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1.81

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
Shells电子层
2, 8, 18, 3
Oxidation States氧化态
+3

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
18e⁻
3e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18751875 年
Discoverer发现者
Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
Country国家
France法国

Uses & Applications用途

Semiconductors, LEDs, solar panels, melts in your hand

半导体,LED,太阳能板,在手中融化

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery blue

银蓝色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Gallium comes from Ga and it was first identified in 1875.

镓的名称来源于其符号Ga,于1875年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Melts in your hand (just above room temp)

握在手心就能融化

Appearance外观

silvery blue

银蓝色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 13)相关元素(同第13族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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