Ga
Gallium is a Post-Transition element with the symbol Ga and atomic number 31. Located in period 4, group 13 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 69.723 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1875 by Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran in France. Gallium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹ with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 3 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: semiconductors, leds, solar panels, melts in your hand.
镓是一种后过渡金属元素,符号为Ga,原子序数为31。位于第4周期,第13族(p区),原子量为69.723 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1875 年首次被确认,由Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran发现。镓的电子排布为[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、3个电子。常见用途包括:半导体,LED,太阳能板,在手中融化。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 31
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 69.723 u
- Category分类
- Post-Transition后过渡金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 4
- Group族
- 13
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +29.76°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +2204°C
- Density密度
- 5.91 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Orthorhombic正交晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 136 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 62 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.81
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 18, 3
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +3
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18751875 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Paul-Emile Lecoq de Boisbaudran
- Country国家
- France法国
Uses & Applications用途
Semiconductors, LEDs, solar panels, melts in your hand
半导体,LED,太阳能板,在手中融化
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
silvery blue
银蓝色
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Gallium comes from Ga and it was first identified in 1875.
镓的名称来源于其符号Ga,于1875年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Melts in your hand (just above room temp)
握在手心就能融化
Appearance外观
silvery blue
银蓝色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。