Ca
Calcium is a Alkaline Earth element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Located in period 4, group 2 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 40.078 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1808 by Humphry Davy in England. Calcium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s² with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 8, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: bones, teeth, cement, cheese making, calcium supplements.
钙是一种碱土金属元素,符号为Ca,原子序数为20。位于第4周期,第2族(s区),原子量为40.078 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1808 年首次被确认,由Humphry Davy发现。钙的电子排布为[Ar] 4s²,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、8、2个电子。常见用途包括:骨骼,牙齿,水泥,奶酪制作,钙补充剂。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 20
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 40.078 u
- Category分类
- Alkaline Earth碱土金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 4
- Group族
- 2
- Block区
- s-blocks区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +842°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +1484°C
- Density密度
- 1.54 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)面心立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 194 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 100 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ar] 4s²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 8, 2
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +2
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18081808 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Humphry Davy
- Country国家
- England英国
Uses & Applications用途
Bones, teeth, cement, cheese making, calcium supplements
骨骼,牙齿,水泥,奶酪制作,钙补充剂
Common Compounds常见化合物
Limestone (CaCO₃), gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), quicklime (CaO), hydroxyapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH) (bones & teeth)
石灰石(CaCO₃)、石膏(CaSO₄·2H₂O)、生石灰(CaO)、羟基磷灰石Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)(骨骼和牙齿)
Room Temperature常温特性
Soft gray metal. Reacts with water, producing hydrogen. Quickly tarnishes in air.
柔软的灰色金属,与水反应产生氢气,在空气中迅速失去光泽。
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
Calcium compounds have been used for thousands of years — the Romans used lime mortar in construction. Calcium is essential for all living organisms; it's the most abundant metal in the human body.
钙化合物已使用了几千年——古罗马人用石灰砂浆建筑。钙对所有生命体都至关重要,是人体中含量最丰富的金属。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Builds strong bones and teeth
骨骼和牙齿的主要成分
Appearance外观
silvery white
银白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。