Calcium is a Alkaline Earth element with the symbol Ca and atomic number 20. Located in period 4, group 2 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 40.078 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1808 by Humphry Davy in England. Calcium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 4s² with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 8, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: bones, teeth, cement, cheese making, calcium supplements.

钙是一种碱土金属元素,符号为Ca,原子序数为20。位于第4周期,第2族(s区),原子量为40.078 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1808 年首次被确认,由Humphry Davy发现。钙的电子排布为[Ar] 4s²,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、8、2个电子。常见用途包括:骨骼,牙齿,水泥,奶酪制作,钙补充剂。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
20
Atomic Weight原子量
40.078 u
Category分类
Alkaline Earth碱土金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
4
Group
2
Block
s-blocks区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+842°C
Boiling Point沸点
+1484°C
Density密度
1.54 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)面心立方
Atomic Radius原子半径
194 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
100 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Ar] 4s²
Shells电子层
2, 8, 8, 2
Oxidation States氧化态
+2

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
8e⁻
2e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18081808 年
Discoverer发现者
Humphry Davy
Country国家
England英国

Uses & Applications用途

Bones, teeth, cement, cheese making, calcium supplements

骨骼,牙齿,水泥,奶酪制作,钙补充剂

Common Compounds常见化合物

Limestone (CaCO₃), gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O), quicklime (CaO), hydroxyapatite Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH) (bones & teeth)

石灰石(CaCO₃)、石膏(CaSO₄·2H₂O)、生石灰(CaO)、羟基磷灰石Ca₅(PO₄)₃(OH)(骨骼和牙齿)

Room Temperature常温特性

Soft gray metal. Reacts with water, producing hydrogen. Quickly tarnishes in air.

柔软的灰色金属,与水反应产生氢气,在空气中迅速失去光泽。

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

Calcium compounds have been used for thousands of years — the Romans used lime mortar in construction. Calcium is essential for all living organisms; it's the most abundant metal in the human body.

钙化合物已使用了几千年——古罗马人用石灰砂浆建筑。钙对所有生命体都至关重要,是人体中含量最丰富的金属。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Builds strong bones and teeth

骨骼和牙齿的主要成分

Appearance外观

silvery white

银白色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 2)相关元素(同第2族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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