Mg
Magnesium is a Alkaline Earth element with the symbol Mg and atomic number 12. Located in period 3, group 2 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 24.305 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1755 by Joseph Black in Scotland. Magnesium has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s² with 3 electron shells containing 2, 8, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: lightweight alloys, fireworks, flash photography, chlorophyll.
镁是一种碱土金属元素，符号为Mg，原子序数为12。位于第3周期，第2族（s区），原子量为24.305 u，在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1755 年首次被确认，由Joseph Black发现。镁的电子排布为[Ne] 3s²，具有3个电子层，分别含有2、8、2个电子。常见用途包括：轻质合金，烟花，闪光摄影，叶绿素。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 12
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 24.305 u
- Category分类
- Alkaline Earth碱土金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 3
- Group族
- 2
- Block区
- s-blocks区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +650°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +1090°C
- Density密度
- 1.74 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)六方密堆积
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 145 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 72 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.31
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ne] 3s²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 2
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +2
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 17551755 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Joseph Black
- Country国家
- Scotland苏格兰
Uses & Applications用途
Lightweight alloys, fireworks, flash photography, chlorophyll
轻质合金，烟花，闪光摄影，叶绿素
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
silvery white
银白色
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
The name Magnesium comes from Mg and it was first identified in 1755.
镁的名称来源于其符号Mg，于1755年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Burns with brilliant white light
燃烧发出耀眼白光
Appearance外观
silvery white
银白色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表（SDS）。