Si
Silicon is a Metalloids element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. Located in period 3, group 14 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 28.085 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1824 by Jons Jacob Berzelius in Sweden. Silicon has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s² 3p² with 3 electron shells containing 2, 8, 4 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: computer chips, glass, concrete, solar cells.
硅是一种准金属元素,符号为Si,原子序数为14。位于第3周期,第14族(p区),原子量为28.085 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1824 年首次被确认,由Jons Jacob Berzelius发现。硅的电子排布为[Ne] 3s² 3p²,具有3个电子层,分别含有2、8、4个电子。常见用途包括:计算机芯片,玻璃,混凝土,太阳能电池。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 14
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 28.085 u
- Category分类
- Metalloids准金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 3
- Group族
- 14
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +1414°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +3265°C
- Density密度
- 2.33 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Diamond Cubic金刚石立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 111 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 40 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.9
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ne] 3s² 3p²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 4
- Oxidation States氧化态
- -4, +2, +4
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 18241824 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Jons Jacob Berzelius
- Country国家
- Sweden瑞典
Uses & Applications用途
Computer chips, glass, concrete, solar cells
计算机芯片,玻璃,混凝土,太阳能电池
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
dark gray with bluish tinge
深灰色带蓝色调
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Silicon comes from Si and it was first identified in 1824.
硅的名称来源于其符号Si,于1824年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Silicon Valley runs on silicon chips
芯片之心
Appearance外观
dark gray with bluish tinge
深灰色带蓝色调
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。