Nitrogen is a Nonmetals element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. Located in period 2, group 15 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 14.007 u and is classified as a gas at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1772 by Daniel Rutherford in Scotland. Nitrogen has an electron configuration of [He] 2s² 2p³ with 2 electron shells containing 2, 5 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: fertilizers, ammonia, cryogenics, food packaging.

氮是一种非金属元素,符号为N,原子序数为7。位于第2周期,第15族(p区),原子量为14.007 u,在标准温度和压力下为气体。于1772 年首次被确认,由Daniel Rutherford发现。氮的电子排布为[He] 2s² 2p³,具有2个电子层,分别含有2、5个电子。常见用途包括:肥料,氨,低温技术,食品包装。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
7
Atomic Weight原子量
14.007 u
Category分类
Nonmetals非金属
State at STP标准状态
Gas气体
Period周期
2
Group
15
Block
p-blockp区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
-210.1°C
Boiling Point沸点
-195.79°C
Density密度
0.0012506 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Hexagonal六方晶系
Atomic Radius原子半径
56 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
146 pm
Electronegativity电负性
3.04

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[He] 2s² 2p³
Shells电子层
2, 5
Oxidation States氧化态
-3, +1, +2, +3, +4, +5

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
5e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
17721772 年
Discoverer发现者
Daniel Rutherford
Country国家
Scotland苏格兰

Uses & Applications用途

Fertilizers, ammonia, cryogenics, food packaging

肥料,氨,低温技术,食品包装

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

colorless gas

无色气体

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Nitrogen comes from N and it was first identified in 1772.

氮的名称来源于其符号N,于1772年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Nitrogen makes up most of our air

空气中最多的气体

Appearance外观

colorless gas

无色气体

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 15)相关元素(同第15族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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