O
Oxygen is a Nonmetals element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. Located in period 2, group 16 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 15.999 u and is classified as a gas at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1774 by Joseph Priestley in England. Oxygen has an electron configuration of [He] 2s² 2p⁴ with 2 electron shells containing 2, 6 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: breathing, combustion, steelmaking, water treatment.
氧是一种非金属元素,符号为O,原子序数为8。位于第2周期,第16族(p区),原子量为15.999 u,在标准温度和压力下为气体。于1774 年首次被确认,由Joseph Priestley发现。氧的电子排布为[He] 2s² 2p⁴,具有2个电子层,分别含有2、6个电子。常见用途包括:呼吸,燃烧,炼钢,水处理。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 8
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 15.999 u
- Category分类
- Nonmetals非金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Gas气体
- Period周期
- 2
- Group族
- 16
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- -218.3°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- -182.9°C
- Density密度
- 0.001429 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Cubic立方晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 48 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 140 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 3.44
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [He] 2s² 2p⁴
- Shells电子层
- 2, 6
- Oxidation States氧化态
- -2, -1, +1, +2
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 17741774 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Joseph Priestley
- Country国家
- England英国
Uses & Applications用途
Breathing, combustion, steelmaking, water treatment
呼吸,燃烧,炼钢,水处理
Common Compounds常见化合物
Water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), silica (SiO₂), rust (Fe₂O₃), sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄)
水(H₂O)、二氧化碳(CO₂)、二氧化硅(SiO₂)、铁锈(Fe₂O₃)、硫酸(H₂SO₄)
Room Temperature常温特性
Colorless, odorless gas. Highly reactive — supports combustion. Exists as O₂ molecules.
无色无味气体,反应活性高,支持燃烧。以O₂分子形式存在。
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
Oxygen was independently discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1772) and Joseph Priestley (1774). Priestley called it 'dephlogisticated air'. It makes up 21% of Earth's atmosphere.
氧由舍勒(1772年)和普利斯特里(1774年)独立发现。普利斯特里称其为'脱燃素空气'。氧气占地球大气的21%。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Oxygen keeps us alive
生命之气
Appearance外观
colorless gas
无色气体
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。