H
Hydrogen is a Nonmetals element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Located in period 1, group 1 (s-block), it has an atomic weight of 1.008 u and is classified as a gas at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1766 by Henry Cavendish in England. Hydrogen has an electron configuration of 1s¹ with 1 electron shells containing 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: rocket fuel, ammonia production, hydrogenation, fuel cells.
氢是一种非金属元素,符号为H,原子序数为1。位于第1周期,第1族(s区),原子量为1.008 u,在标准温度和压力下为气体。于1766 年首次被确认,由Henry Cavendish发现。氢的电子排布为1s¹,具有1个电子层,分别含有1个电子。常见用途包括:火箭燃料,氨生产,加氢,燃料电池。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 1
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 1.008 u
- Category分类
- Nonmetals非金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Gas气体
- Period周期
- 1
- Group族
- 1
- Block区
- s-blocks区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- -259.14°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- -252.87°C
- Density密度
- 0.00008988 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Hexagonal六方晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 53 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- —
- Electronegativity电负性
- 2.2
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- 1s¹
- Shells电子层
- 1
- Oxidation States氧化态
- -1, +1
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 17661766 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Henry Cavendish
- Country国家
- England英国
Uses & Applications用途
Rocket fuel, ammonia production, hydrogenation, fuel cells
火箭燃料,氨生产,加氢,燃料电池
Common Compounds常见化合物
Water (H₂O), ammonia (NH₃), methane (CH₄), hydrochloric acid (HCl), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)
水(H₂O)、氨气(NH₃)、甲烷(CH₄)、盐酸(HCl)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)
Room Temperature常温特性
Colorless, odorless gas. Extremely flammable — forms explosive mixtures with air.
无色无味气体,极易燃,与空气混合形成爆炸性气体。
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of all baryonic mass. It powers the Sun through nuclear fusion.
氢是宇宙中最丰富的元素,约占所有重子质量的75%。太阳通过氢的核聚变发光发热。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
The lightest element, number one
最轻元素,宇宙第一
Appearance外观
colorless gas
无色气体
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。