C
Carbon is a Nonmetals element with the symbol C and atomic number 6. Located in period 2, group 14 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 12.011 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. Known since ancient by Known to ancients. Carbon has an electron configuration of [He] 2s² 2p² with 2 electron shells containing 2, 4 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: steel, plastics, fuel, diamonds, life itself.
碳是一种非金属元素，符号为C，原子序数为6。位于第2周期，第14族（p区），原子量为12.011 u，在标准温度和压力下为固体。自古以来即为人类所知，由Known to ancients发现。碳的电子排布为[He] 2s² 2p²，具有2个电子层，分别含有2、4个电子。常见用途包括：钢铁，塑料，燃料，钻石，生命本身。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 6
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 12.011 u
- Category分类
- Nonmetals非金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 2
- Group族
- 14
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +3550°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +4027°C
- Density密度
- 2.27 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Hexagonal六方晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 67 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 16 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 2.55
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [He] 2s² 2p²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 4
- Oxidation States氧化态
- -4, +2, +4
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- Ancient古代
- Discoverer发现者
- Known to ancients
- Country国家
- ——
Uses & Applications用途
Steel, plastics, fuel, diamonds, life itself
钢铁，塑料，燃料，钻石，生命本身
Common Compounds常见化合物
Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), calcium carbonate (CaCO₃), glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)
二氧化碳(CO₂)、甲烷(CH₄)、碳酸钙(CaCO₃)、葡萄糖(C₆H₁₂O₆)
Room Temperature常温特性
Exists in multiple allotropes: graphite (soft, black, conductive), diamond (hardest natural material, transparent, insulating).
存在多种同素异形体：石墨（软、黑色、导电）、金刚石（最硬天然物质、透明、绝缘）。
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
Carbon forms more compounds than any other element — over 10 million organic compounds are known. Diamond and graphite are both pure carbon but with entirely different structures.
碳形成的化合物比任何元素都多——已知的有机化合物超过1000万种。金刚石和石墨都是纯碳，但结构完全不同。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Carbon is the backbone of life
生命之基石
Appearance外观
black (graphite) / transparent (diamond)
黑色（石墨）/ 无色透明（金刚石）
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表（SDS）。