Cu
Copper is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. Located in period 4, group 11 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 63.546 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. Known since ancient by Known to ancients. Copper has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹ with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: electrical wiring, plumbing, coins, antimicrobial surfaces.
铜是一种过渡金属元素，符号为Cu，原子序数为29。位于第4周期，第11族（d区），原子量为63.546 u，在标准温度和压力下为固体。自古以来即为人类所知，由Known to ancients发现。铜的电子排布为[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹，具有4个电子层，分别含有2、8、18、1个电子。常见用途包括：电线，管道，硬币，抗菌表面。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 29
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 63.546 u
- Category分类
- Transition Metals过渡金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 4
- Group族
- 11
- Block区
- d-blockd区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +1084.62°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +2562°C
- Density密度
- 8.96 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Face-Centered Cubic (FCC)面心立方
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 145 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 73 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.9
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s¹
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 18, 1
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +1, +2
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- Ancient古代
- Discoverer发现者
- Known to ancients
- Country国家
- ——
Uses & Applications用途
Electrical wiring, plumbing, coins, antimicrobial surfaces
电线，管道，硬币，抗菌表面
Common Compounds常见化合物
Brass (Cu+Zn), bronze (Cu+Sn), copper sulfate (CuSO₄), malachite (Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂)
黄铜(Cu+Zn)、青铜(Cu+Sn)、硫酸铜(CuSO₄)、孔雀石(Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂)
Room Temperature常温特性
Reddish-orange metal, malleable and ductile. Develops green patina (verdigris) when exposed to moist air over time.
红橙色金属，延展性好。长期暴露在潮湿空气中会形成绿色铜绿。
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
Copper was the first metal worked by humans (~9000 BC). The Statue of Liberty contains 80 tons of copper. Copper is naturally antimicrobial — bacteria die within hours on copper surfaces.
铜是人类最早加工的金属(约公元前9000年)。自由女神像含80吨铜。铜天然抗菌——细菌在铜表面数小时内死亡。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
The red metal that conducts electricity
人类最早使用的金属之一
Appearance外观
reddish-orange metallic
红橙色金属光泽
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表（SDS）。