Bismuth is a Post-Transition element with the symbol Bi and atomic number 83. Located in period 6, group 15 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 208.98 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1753 by Claude Francois Geoffroy in France. Bismuth has an electron configuration of [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³ with 6 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: pepto-bismol, cosmetics, fire sprinklers, non-toxic shot.

铋是一种后过渡金属元素,符号为Bi,原子序数为83。位于第6周期,第15族(p区),原子量为208.98 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1753 年首次被确认,由Claude Francois Geoffroy发现。铋的电子排布为[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³,具有6个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、32、18、5个电子。常见用途包括:胃药,化妆品,消防喷淋,无毒子弹。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
83
Atomic Weight原子量
208.98 u
Category分类
Post-Transition后过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
6
Group
15
Block
p-blockp区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+271.3°C
Boiling Point沸点
+1564°C
Density密度
9.81 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Rhombohedral菱方晶系
Atomic Radius原子半径
143 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
103 pm
Electronegativity电负性
2.02

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p³
Shells电子层
2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Oxidation States氧化态
-3, +3, +5

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
18e⁻
32e⁻
18e⁻
5e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
17531753 年
Discoverer发现者
Claude Francois Geoffroy
Country国家
France法国

Uses & Applications用途

Pepto-Bismol, cosmetics, fire sprinklers, non-toxic shot

胃药,化妆品,消防喷淋,无毒子弹

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery with rainbow oxide

银白色(氧化层呈彩虹色)

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Bismuth comes from Bi and it was first identified in 1753.

铋的名称来源于其符号Bi,于1753年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Rainbow crystals, relatively non-toxic

彩虹色晶体的低毒金属

Appearance外观

silvery with rainbow oxide

银白色(氧化层呈彩虹色)

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 15)相关元素(同第15族)

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