Cadmium is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. Located in period 5, group 12 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 112.41 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer in Germany. Cadmium has an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² with 5 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 18, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: batteries, pigments, solar cells, nuclear control rods.

镉是一种过渡金属元素,符号为Cd,原子序数为48。位于第5周期,第12族(d区),原子量为112.41 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1817 年首次被确认,由Friedrich Stromeyer发现。镉的电子排布为[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²,具有5个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、18、2个电子。常见用途包括:电池,颜料,太阳能电池,核控制棒。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
48
Atomic Weight原子量
112.41 u
Category分类
Transition Metals过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
5
Group
12
Block
d-blockd区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+321.07°C
Boiling Point沸点
+767°C
Density密度
8.69 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)六方密堆积
Atomic Radius原子半径
161 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
95 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1.69

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s²
Shells电子层
2, 8, 18, 18, 2
Oxidation States氧化态
+2

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
18e⁻
18e⁻
2e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18171817 年
Discoverer发现者
Friedrich Stromeyer
Country国家
Germany德国

Uses & Applications用途

Batteries, pigments, solar cells, nuclear control rods

电池,颜料,太阳能电池,核控制棒

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

bluish-silver

蓝银色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Cadmium comes from Cd and it was first identified in 1817.

镉的名称来源于其符号Cd,于1817年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Toxic metal, handle with care

有毒重金属

Appearance外观

bluish-silver

蓝银色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Toxic — avoid inhalation of dust or fumes. Chronic exposure may cause serious health effects.
  • 有毒——避免吸入粉尘或烟雾。长期接触可能导致严重健康影响。

Related Elements (Same Group 12)相关元素(同第12族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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