Zinc is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. Located in period 4, group 12 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 65.38 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1746 by Andreas Sigismund Marggraf in Germany. Zinc has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: galvanization, batteries, sunscreen, brass alloy.

锌是一种过渡金属元素,符号为Zn,原子序数为30。位于第4周期,第12族(d区),原子量为65.38 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1746 年首次被确认,由Andreas Sigismund Marggraf发现。锌的电子排布为[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、2个电子。常见用途包括:镀锌,电池,防晒霜,黄铜合金。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
30
Atomic Weight原子量
65.38 u
Category分类
Transition Metals过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
4
Group
12
Block
d-blockd区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+419.53°C
Boiling Point沸点
+907°C
Density密度
7.13 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)六方密堆积
Atomic Radius原子半径
142 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
74 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1.65

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²
Shells电子层
2, 8, 18, 2
Oxidation States氧化态
+2

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
18e⁻
2e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
17461746 年
Discoverer发现者
Andreas Sigismund Marggraf
Country国家
Germany德国

Uses & Applications用途

Galvanization, batteries, sunscreen, brass alloy

镀锌,电池,防晒霜,黄铜合金

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

bluish-silver

蓝银色

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Zinc comes from Zn and it was first identified in 1746.

锌的名称来源于其符号Zn,于1746年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Protects iron from rust

镀锌防锈

Appearance外观

bluish-silver

蓝银色

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 12)相关元素(同第12族)

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