Cl
Chlorine is a Halogens element with the symbol Cl and atomic number 17. Located in period 3, group 17 (p-block), it has an atomic weight of 35.45 u and is classified as a gas at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in Sweden. Chlorine has an electron configuration of [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵ with 3 electron shells containing 2, 8, 7 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: water disinfection, pvc plastic, bleach, swimming pools.
氯是一种卤素元素，符号为Cl，原子序数为17。位于第3周期，第17族（p区），原子量为35.45 u，在标准温度和压力下为气体。于1774 年首次被确认，由Carl Wilhelm Scheele发现。氯的电子排布为[Ne] 3s² 3p⁵，具有3个电子层，分别含有2、8、7个电子。常见用途包括：水消毒，PVC塑料，漂白剂，游泳池。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 17
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 35.45 u
- Category分类
- Halogens卤素
- State at STP标准状态
- Gas气体
- Period周期
- 3
- Group族
- 17
- Block区
- p-blockp区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- -101.5°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- -34.04°C
- Density密度
- 0.003214 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Orthorhombic正交晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 79 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 181 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 3.16
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Ne] 3s² 3p⁵
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 7
- Oxidation States氧化态
- -1, +1, +3, +5, +7
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 17741774 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele
- Country国家
- Sweden瑞典
Uses & Applications用途
Water disinfection, PVC plastic, bleach, swimming pools
水消毒，PVC塑料，漂白剂，游泳池
Common Compounds常见化合物
Table salt (NaCl), bleach (NaClO), PVC plastic, hydrochloric acid (HCl), chloroform (CHCl₃)
食盐(NaCl)、漂白水(NaClO)、PVC塑料、盐酸(HCl)、氯仿(CHCl₃)
Room Temperature常温特性
Greenish-yellow gas with a choking smell. Heavier than air. Highly toxic in concentrated form.
黄绿色气体，有窒息性气味，比空气重，高浓度时剧毒。
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
Chlorine was first used as a chemical weapon in WWI (1915). Today it is essential for water purification, saving millions of lives from waterborne diseases.
氯在一战(1915年)首次被用作化学武器。如今氯是水净化的关键，拯救了数百万人的生命。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Keeps swimming pools clean
消毒水的味道
Appearance外观
greenish-yellow gas
黄绿色气体
Safety Information安全须知
- Highly reactive halogen gas — toxic if inhaled, causes severe burns on contact.
- 高活性卤素——吸入有毒，接触会造成严重灼伤。