Hg
Mercury is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. Located in period 6, group 12 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 200.59 u and is classified as a liquid at standard temperature and pressure. Known since ancient by Known to ancients. Mercury has an electron configuration of [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² with 6 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: thermometers, fluorescent lights, gold extraction (historical).
汞是一种过渡金属元素，符号为Hg，原子序数为80。位于第6周期，第12族（d区），原子量为200.59 u，在标准温度和压力下为液体。自古以来即为人类所知，由Known to ancients发现。汞的电子排布为[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²，具有6个电子层，分别含有2、8、18、32、18、2个电子。常见用途包括：温度计，荧光灯，黄金提取（历史）。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 80
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 200.59 u
- Category分类
- Transition Metals过渡金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Liquid液体
- Period周期
- 6
- Group族
- 12
- Block区
- d-blockd区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- -38.83°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +356.73°C
- Density密度
- 13.53 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Rhombohedral菱方晶系
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 171 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 102 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 2
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +1, +2
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- Ancient古代
- Discoverer发现者
- Known to ancients
- Country国家
- ——
Uses & Applications用途
Thermometers, fluorescent lights, gold extraction (historical)
温度计，荧光灯，黄金提取（历史）
Common Compounds常见化合物
Cinnabar (HgS), calomel (Hg₂Cl₂), mercury fulminate Hg(CNO)₂ (explosive)
朱砂(HgS)、甘汞(Hg₂Cl₂)、雷酸汞Hg(CNO)₂(炸药)
Room Temperature常温特性
Shiny, silvery liquid metal. Highly toxic — absorbed through skin and vapor. Forms amalgams with many metals.
闪亮的银白色液态金属。剧毒——可通过皮肤和蒸气吸收。与许多金属形成汞齐。
Did You Know? 你知道吗？
Mercury has been known since ancient times. The ancient Chinese believed it was the elixir of life. It is the only metal liquid at room temperature, forming shiny, mobile droplets.
汞自古已知，古代中国人认为它是长生不老药。它是唯一常温下呈液态的金属，形成闪亮流动的液滴。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
The only liquid metal at room temperature
唯一的液态金属
Appearance外观
silvery liquid
银白色液体
Safety Information安全须知
- Toxic — avoid inhalation of dust or fumes. Chronic exposure may cause serious health effects.
- 有毒——避免吸入粉尘或烟雾。长期接触可能导致严重健康影响。