Chromium is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. Located in period 4, group 6 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 51.996 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1797 by Louis Nicolas Vauquelin in France. Chromium has an electron configuration of [Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹ with 4 electron shells containing 2, 8, 13, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: stainless steel, chrome plating, dyes, emeralds.

铬是一种过渡金属元素,符号为Cr,原子序数为24。位于第4周期,第6族(d区),原子量为51.996 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1797 年首次被确认,由Louis Nicolas Vauquelin发现。铬的电子排布为[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹,具有4个电子层,分别含有2、8、13、1个电子。常见用途包括:不锈钢,镀铬,染料,祖母绿。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
24
Atomic Weight原子量
51.996 u
Category分类
Transition Metals过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
4
Group
6
Block
d-blockd区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+1907°C
Boiling Point沸点
+2671°C
Density密度
7.19 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
Atomic Radius原子半径
166 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
62 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1.66

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹
Shells电子层
2, 8, 13, 1
Oxidation States氧化态
+2, +3, +6

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
13e⁻
1e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
17971797 年
Discoverer发现者
Louis Nicolas Vauquelin
Country国家
France法国

Uses & Applications用途

Stainless steel, chrome plating, dyes, emeralds

不锈钢,镀铬,染料,祖母绿

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

silvery metallic

银色金属光泽

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Chromium comes from Cr and it was first identified in 1797.

铬的名称来源于其符号Cr,于1797年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Chrome shines bright

不锈钢因铬而不锈

Appearance外观

silvery metallic

银色金属光泽

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 6)相关元素(同第6族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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