Hf
Hafnium is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. Located in period 6, group 4 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 178.49 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1923 by Dirk Coster in Netherlands. Hafnium has an electron configuration of [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s² with 6 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: nuclear control rods, superalloys, microprocessors.
铪是一种过渡金属元素,符号为Hf,原子序数为72。位于第6周期,第4族(d区),原子量为178.49 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1923 年首次被确认,由Dirk Coster发现。铪的电子排布为[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²,具有6个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、32、10、2个电子。常见用途包括:核控制棒,高温合金,微处理器。
Basic Properties基本属性
- Atomic Number原子序数
- 72
- Atomic Weight原子量
- 178.49 u
- Category分类
- Transition Metals过渡金属
- State at STP标准状态
- Solid固体
- Period周期
- 6
- Group族
- 4
- Block区
- d-blockd区
Physical Properties物理性质
- Melting Point熔点
- +2233°C
- Boiling Point沸点
- +4603°C
- Density密度
- 13.31 g/cm³
- Crystal Structure晶体结构
- Hexagonal Close-Packed (HCP)六方密堆积
- Atomic Radius原子半径
- 208 pm
- Ionic Radius离子半径
- 71 pm
- Electronegativity电负性
- 1.3
Electron Configuration电子排布
- Config电子构型
- [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d² 6s²
- Shells电子层
- 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
- Oxidation States氧化态
- +4
Electron Shells电子层结构
Discovery发现历史
- Year年份
- 19231923 年
- Discoverer发现者
- Dirk Coster
- Country国家
- Netherlands荷兰
Uses & Applications用途
Nuclear control rods, superalloys, microprocessors
核控制棒,高温合金,微处理器
Common Compounds常见化合物
—
—
Room Temperature常温特性
steel gray
钢灰色
Did You Know? 你知道吗?
The name Hafnium comes from Hf and it was first identified in 1923.
铪的名称来源于其符号Hf,于1923年首次被确认。
Memory Aid记忆口诀
Absorbs neutrons in nuclear reactors
核反应堆控制棒
Appearance外观
steel gray
钢灰色
Safety Information安全须知
- Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
- 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。