Niobium is a Transition Metals element with the symbol Nb and atomic number 41. Located in period 5, group 5 (d-block), it has an atomic weight of 92.906 u and is classified as a solid at standard temperature and pressure. First identified in 1801 by Charles Hatchett in England. Niobium has an electron configuration of [Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹ with 5 electron shells containing 2, 8, 18, 12, 1 electrons respectively. It is commonly used in: superconducting magnets, steel alloys, jewelry.

铌是一种过渡金属元素,符号为Nb,原子序数为41。位于第5周期,第5族(d区),原子量为92.906 u,在标准温度和压力下为固体。于1801 年首次被确认,由Charles Hatchett发现。铌的电子排布为[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹,具有5个电子层,分别含有2、8、18、12、1个电子。常见用途包括:超导磁体,钢合金,珠宝。

Basic Properties基本属性

Atomic Number原子序数
41
Atomic Weight原子量
92.906 u
Category分类
Transition Metals过渡金属
State at STP标准状态
Solid固体
Period周期
5
Group
5
Block
d-blockd区

Physical Properties物理性质

Melting Point熔点
+2477°C
Boiling Point沸点
+4744°C
Density密度
8.57 g/cm³
Crystal Structure晶体结构
Body-Centered Cubic (BCC)体心立方
Atomic Radius原子半径
198 pm
Ionic Radius离子半径
64 pm
Electronegativity电负性
1.6

Electron Configuration电子排布

Config电子构型
[Kr] 4d⁴ 5s¹
Shells电子层
2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Oxidation States氧化态
+2, +3, +4, +5

Electron Shells电子层结构

2e⁻
8e⁻
18e⁻
12e⁻
1e⁻

Discovery发现历史

Year年份
18011801 年
Discoverer发现者
Charles Hatchett
Country国家
England英国

Uses & Applications用途

Superconducting magnets, steel alloys, jewelry

超导磁体,钢合金,珠宝

Common Compounds常见化合物

Room Temperature常温特性

gray metallic

灰色金属光泽

Did You Know? 你知道吗?

The name Niobium comes from Nb and it was first identified in 1801.

铌的名称来源于其符号Nb,于1801年首次被确认。

Memory Aid记忆口诀

Used in MRI magnets

超导磁体材料

Appearance外观

gray metallic

灰色金属光泽

Safety Information安全须知

  • Handle with standard laboratory precautions. Refer to the Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for detailed handling instructions.
  • 按照标准实验室预防措施处理。详细操作说明请参阅安全数据表(SDS)。

Related Elements (Same Group 5)相关元素(同第5族)

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Compare Elements元素对比

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